![]() ![]() We further discuss the importance of “Regional Collection Plans”, viz. Although ZIMS data is not complete, there is a trend discernible that only a few species are widely kept by the zoo community, whereas most species are represented in smaller numbers. In addition we have opposed ZIMS data with information available from European studbooks and, based on literature evaluation, analyzed the development of crocodile collections in Europe during the last 40 years. Of the 27 currently recognized species of crocodiles, one (Mecistops sp.) is not held in zoos at present. Two globally-kept species were lacking in European zoo holdings according to ZIMS. Our analysis performed from June to July 2016 revealed that there were 24 species of crocodiles kept globally in 451 zoos, with 22 species kept in 185 European zoos. To gain an overview of crocodile species held in zoos, the number of individuals kept, and the number of keeping institutions, we analyzed collection information from the Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS) database. Based on observations during the DWH spill, adverse physiological effects in sea turtles may be an important consequence of stress, exertion, physical exhaustion, and de - hydration secondary to oiling, capture, and transport. These results indicate that the physiological derangements in these animals were relatively severe and clinically relevant. Thirty-six percent of oiled turtles were identified as physio - logically de ranged based on a clinical assessment of their physiological status, and 25% of oiled Kemp's ridley sea turtles exceeded the mortality risk threshold of the prognostic model. ![]() In addition, a prognostic model that was specifically developed for cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles Lepidochelys kempii was applied to oiled Kemp's ridley turtles from one center. Initial point-of-care blood data from one rescue center were evaluated using clinical assessment of physiological status for all turtles of all species with available data for pH, pCO2, sodium, and potassium. Specific toxicological effects reported in other taxa were not observed. Clinicopathological abnormalities upon admission indicated acute, nonspecific metabolic and osmoregulatory derangements that were attributable to a combination of events including stress, exertion, physical exhaustion, and dehydration related to oiling, capture, and transport. Serial hematology, plasma biochemistry, and blood gas analyses were reviewed to characterize abnormalities relative to observed degree of oiling. Most turtles were small, surface-pelagic juveniles that were collected from oiled habitat distant from shore. During the BP Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in 2010, 319 live oiled sea turtles were rescued and admitted to rehabilitation centers for decontamination and veterinary care. ![]()
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